Authors
Praveen Kerala Varma1
1 Division of Cardiac surgery, Amritha Institute for Medical Science, Kochi, Kerala, India
Abstract
Introduction: This article presents an interview discussing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), Ischemic Cardiomyopathies, and Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation (IMR) to provide general awareness and address common queries.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD is characterized by narrowing of coronary arteries due to fatty material buildup, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and obesity, with a rising prevalence in South Asian populations. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medical therapy to coronary interventions like angioplasty and CABG.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): CABG is a surgical procedure to improve blood flow by grafting a healthy vessel to bypass blocked coronary arteries. Both ‘on-pump’ (with heart-lung machine) and ‘off-pump’ (beating heart) techniques are discussed. Indications include unstable angina, left main coronary artery disease, triple vessel disease, left ventricular dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and diffuse disease unsuitable for PCI.
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (IC): IC is a weakening and enlargement of the left ventricle due to CAD or heart attack, impairing the heart’s pumping ability and potentially leading to heart failure. Symptoms include shortness of breath and chest pain. CABG offers a survival advantage, with other options including heart transplantation and ventricular assist devices.
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation (IMR): IMR is a complication of coronary heart disease, where left ventricular remodeling leads to valve dysfunction rather than primary valve disease. Its severity is dynamic and worsens prognosis, often requiring valve repair or replacement alongside CABG for severe cases.