Authors
Sajikumar Ja
aPediatrician, Parabrahma Specialty Hospital, Oachira.
Abstract
Introduction: Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, has been a cornerstone of medicine since its market introduction in 1899. Beyond its conventional uses as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent, contemporary research reveals its critical role in preventing various serious conditions, including cardiovascular events, certain cancers, and complications in diabetes and pregnancy. This article explores the rich historical journey of aspirin, often depicted through medical philately.
Historical Context: The therapeutic properties of willow bark, the natural source of aspirin, were recognized by ancient physicians like Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) and Galen for pain and fever relief. In 1763, Rev. Edward Stone formally documented its efficacy against rheumatism. The chemical isolation of salicylic acid from willow bark progressed in the 19th century, culminating in Felix Hoffmann’s successful synthesis of a stable acetylsalicylic acid form in 1897, driven by a personal quest to alleviate his father’s arthritis.
Mechanism and Modern Applications: The precise mechanism of aspirin’s action was elucidated by John Vane in 1970, who demonstrated its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, a discovery that earned him a Nobel Prize in 1982. Today, aspirin is widely prescribed in low doses for the primary and secondary prevention of heart attacks, strokes, and thrombosis. It also plays a significant role in preventing colorectal cancer and is a standard treatment for acute rheumatic fever and chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Its enduring legacy is a testament to its profound impact on global health.