Authors
Sajikumar J1
1Pediatrician, Parabrahma Specialty Hospital, Oachira.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus remains a significant global health threat. The discovery of insulin was a monumental breakthrough, transforming the prognosis for individuals with conditions like type 1 diabetes from weeks to a lifetime.
Historical Milestones: Early work by Banting and Best, and unacknowledged contributions by Nicolae Paulescu, led to insulin’s isolation. Mass production followed swiftly with pharmaceutical companies like Lilly and Nordisk. Further scientific efforts by Frederick Sanger elucidated insulin’s primary structure, Dorothy Hodgkin its three-dimensional structure using X-ray crystallography, and Rosalyn Yalow developed radioimmunoassay. The Cori cycle also clarified glucose metabolism.
Diagnostic and Management Tools: The development of portable blood glucose meters (glucometers) empowered patients in managing their condition.
Complications and Prevention: Diabetes can lead to severe complications affecting eyes, heart, kidneys, and nerves, often resulting in vision loss, stroke, kidney disease, and foot ulcers. Early diagnosis, proper treatment, and lifestyle interventions like weight management, activity, and healthy diet are crucial for preventing these complications. Historical methods like pituitary ablation for retinopathy are also noted.
Awareness: World Diabetes Day, celebrated on November 14th (Banting’s birthday), serves as a global campaign to raise awareness for prevention, diagnosis, and management of the condition.
Conclusion: Ongoing advancements in understanding, diagnosis, and treatment, combined with global awareness initiatives, are vital for combating the growing burden of diabetes and improving patient outcomes.