Authors
Sanjeev Naira
a Department of Pulmonology, Govt.Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Abstract
Introduction: This interview aims to enhance general awareness regarding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) by addressing common queries about the condition.
Definition and Diagnosis: COPD is defined as a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent, generally progressive airflow obstruction resulting from an enhanced chronic inflammatory response to noxious particles. It is distinct from, yet overlapping with, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Diagnosis critically relies on spirometry, showing a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are also essential for assessing disease severity and guiding medication choices.
Differentiation from Asthma: While presenting similar symptoms, COPD differs from asthma due to its largely irreversible and relentlessly progressive airflow limitation, contrasting with asthma’s predominantly reversible obstruction. Treatment approaches, particularly regarding inhaled corticosteroids, also vary.
Management Strategies: Inhaled medications are the preferred delivery method due to their efficiency and reduced systemic side effects. Non-pharmacological interventions are crucial, with smoking cessation being paramount as it is the only strategy proven to halt disease progression and improve survival. Other key strategies include pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccinations (pneumococcus and influenza), long-term oxygen therapy for selected patients, and managing co-morbidities.
Prognosis: COPD is not curable, but prevention through smoking avoidance is highly effective. While drugs alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, only smoking cessation and, when indicated, long-term oxygen therapy provide a definite survival benefit. The choice of inhaler device should prioritize ease of use for optimal drug delivery.