Authors
Dr Devika J1, Dr Arun B Nair2
1Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram;
2Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram
Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be a significant cause of mortality, often without prior symptoms or elevated classical cardiac biomarkers, necessitating the identification of novel predictive tools.
Objective: This review article aims to explore novel biomarkers that can predict underlying cardiovascular conditions and the probability of acute cardiovascular morbidity, particularly ventricular arrhythmias and SCD, before symptom onset.
Methods: The authors conducted a review of current literature to identify and discuss emerging cardiac biomarkers.
Key Findings: The article highlights soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), Galectin-3, and ECG biomarkers such as global electrical heterogeneity (GEH) as potential predictors. sST2 is recognized for its role in heart failure prognosis and myocardial stress. Galectin-3 is linked to fibrotic processes and increased risk of heart diseases and ventricular arrhythmias. GEH measures demonstrate an independent association with SCD. Other discussed markers include H-FABP, Metalloproteinases, Endothelin, Uric acid, and Fibrinogen.
Conclusion: Novel biomarkers, especially sST2 and GEH, offer promising avenues for improved risk stratification and early prediction of cardiovascular events, including SCD, supplementing traditional indicators. The development of dynamic and continuous monitoring technologies incorporating these markers is crucial for future preventive strategies.