Authors
Roshan J Lewis, Infectious Diseases Consultant, Unity Point Health, Des Moines, Iowa
Abstract
Introduction: The seventh coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan in late 2019 and rapidly spread globally via droplets and contact. This review article outlines the key aspects of COVID-19 up to May 2020.
Clinical Impact: COVID-19 affects people of all ages, with severe outcomes, high morbidity, and mortality observed particularly in the elderly and those with multiple medical comorbidities. The disease primarily impacts the respiratory system, leading to complications like ARDS.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of COVID-19 primarily relies on RT-PCR testing of respiratory specimens. Serologic tests are being developed for surveillance, and typical lab findings include lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest CT scans often show bilateral ground-glass opacities but are not recommended for screening.
Management & Prevention: As of the publication, no curative therapy has been definitively approved, though Remdesivir received emergency use authorization, and vaccine trials are underway. Supportive care is crucial for severe cases. Key preventive measures include wearing facial masks, practicing hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing to curb community spread. Additionally, reducing nosocomial transmission and protecting healthcare workers are crucial in combating this infection.