Authors
Kavitha Ravia
a Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health burden, especially in low and middle-income countries like India, where it is the second most common cancer in women aged 35-55. The disease is primarily linked to persistent infection by high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes, with HPV 16 and 18 being responsible for a majority of cases. Low awareness regarding causes, prevention, and vaccination contributes to high mortality rates in many regions.
Strategies and Progress: Cervical cancer is preventable and curable in its early stages through screening methods like PAP smears and HPV testing, and significantly preventable through HPV vaccination. Global efforts, including WHO declaring January as cervical cancer awareness month and setting ambitious 90-70-90 targets by 2030 for elimination by 2060, emphasize vaccination, screening, and treatment. India has seen progress, exemplified by Sikkim’s successful state-wide HPV vaccination campaign and the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) recommending universal HPV vaccine introduction. Indigenous (CERVAVAC) and imported (GARDASIL 4) HPV vaccines are now available.
Challenges and Recommendations: Achieving elimination requires intensive vaccination drives, particularly for girls aged 9-14, and periodic screening for older women. Challenges include dispelling myths, addressing concerns about the vaccine, and enhancing awareness among both the general public and healthcare professionals. Collaborative, evidence-based, and tailor-made sensitization campaigns are crucial to promote understanding and accelerate vaccination efforts, ultimately winning the war against cervical cancer.