Authors
Dr. S Vasudevan, Associate Editor, Kerala Medical Journal; Additional Professor, Department of Urology, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Abstract
Introduction: This editorial outlines key facts about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), a new viral respiratory illness caused by MERS-CoV. It highlights the significant public health risk for India given substantial travel to and from Middle East countries.
Etiology and Transmission: MERS-CoV is a zoonotic beta coronavirus, with camels serving as a primary reservoir. Transmission occurs from animals to humans, and human-to-human via respiratory droplets and close contact.
Clinical Manifestations: The disease spectrum varies from asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory illness, with a high mortality rate (30-40%) in severe cases. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath; gastrointestinal symptoms may also occur. Individuals with comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, chronic heart/kidney/lung disease) or immunosuppression face higher risks for severe disease and complications like pneumonia and renal failure.
Epidemiology and Diagnosis: First identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012, MERS cases are geographically linked to the Arabian Peninsula. Diagnosis is confirmed through specialized laboratory tests, including PCR and serology, on respiratory and blood samples.
Management and Prevention: No specific treatment or vaccine is available; care is symptomatic. Prevention focuses on rigorous hand hygiene, avoiding face touching, and minimizing contact with sick individuals. Infected persons should practice respiratory etiquette and self-isolation to prevent onward transmission. WHO does not advise travel restrictions.