Authors
P Baburaj1, Harikrishnan B L1
1Department of Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala-680 005.
Abstract
Background: Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation, and its homeostatic disorders are frequently encountered electrolyte imbalances.
Objective: This article provides an overview of the physiology of potassium homeostasis and discusses the causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.
Content: The review details internal and external mechanisms of potassium regulation, followed by comprehensive sections on hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, covering their etiologies, clinical manifestations (especially cardiovascular and neuromuscular), diagnostic criteria including ECG changes, and treatment strategies.
Conclusion: A thorough understanding of potassium balance and its disruptions is crucial for effective clinical practice.
Keywords: Intracellular cation, Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia